Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) Peptide Actions on Muscular Tissue, Bone and Cartilage Cells
Mechano Growth Factor is a 24‐amino acid peptide derived from an alternatively spliced isoform of IGF‐1 (an anabolic mediator of growth hormone), specifically the IGF-IEc variant.(1) Scientists propose proteolytic processing of this isoform to yield both the mature...
Palmitoyl AHK Potential Actions on Hair and Dermal Cell Proliferation and Survival
Palmitoyl AHK appears to be a palmitoylated derivative of a short tripeptide, AHK, which is composed of alanine, histidine, and lysine.(1) Preliminary data collected in laboratory settings findings suggest that AHK may be involved in several cellular processes within...
Receptor Grade IGF-1 LR3 Peptide and Cellular Anabolism
Receptor Grade IGF-1 LR3 peptide may be described as a modified version of the endogenously occurring insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) - the endogenous mediator of the anabolic potential of growth hormone (hGH). In order to produce IGF-1 LR3, scientists sought to...
Protirelin (Thyrotropin TRH) and Brain Cell Signaling
Protirelin is a synthetic tripeptide (L-pyroglutamyl-L-h histidyl-L-proline amide) that has been developed as an analogue of a small peptide endogenously produced in hypothalamic cells called thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).(1) It is thought that Protirelin may...
Tripeptide-3 Actions on Muscular Tissue Contraction and Dermal Topography
Tripeptide-3 (often referred to as Syn-AKE) is a synthetic compound that may mimic one of the actions of waglerin-1, a 22-amino acid peptide found in the venom of the Temple Viper.(1)(2) Structurally, Tripeptide-3 consists of β-alanyl–L-prolyl–3-aminomethyl-L-alanine...
LL-37 Peptide and Immune Cell Modulation
LL-37 is a peptide that belongs to the so-called cathelicidin-derived peptides. Cathelicidins are considered immune-related proteins, and LL-37, in particular, is derived from a larger precursor protein called hCAP18. The name LL-37 comes from the first two amino...
Cartalax Peptide: Potential Implications for Cellular Aging, Renewal, and Resilience to Stress
Cartalax (AED or T-31 peptide) is a synthetic tripeptide that some investigators categorize among the so-called Khavinson peptides. These peptides are a set of short amino acid chains that may exert regulatory influences on biological functions and are consequently...
AICAR Peptide And The Energy Metabolism Of Different Cell Types
Researchers believe AICAR peptide (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) to be a synthetic analog of adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Both AICAR and AMP are thought to belong to a class of molecules called nucleotides, which serve as the basic building blocks...
PEGylated MGF: Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration and Cardiac Protection
Pegylated MGF (Pegylated Mechano-Growth Factor) is a truncated isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), structurally modified to support stability and bioavailability. Pegylated MGF is speculated to play a critical role in promoting myoblast proliferation and...